Smart Tourism and Tourist Attractions

Smart tourism has emerged as a global trend in the tourism sector. Every aspect of the tourism sector makes use of intelligence. In tourism services and offers, smart systems have become crucial. This study's aim is to design a smart tourism and smart tourist attraction concept. This also represents a smart way of managing and developing tourist attractions. Many studies on smart tourism have revealed a broad idea of smart technologies, tourist experiences, smart locations, and smart transportation. In compared to other domains, there have been comparatively few studies on smart attractions. More research into smart tourist attractions and their management is needed, according to this study.

Elementos caracterizadores das representações sociais da amizade para universitários / Characterizing the social representations of friendship for university students

Dentre as modalidades de relacionamentos interpessoais, a amizade desponta como uma das mais significativas, considerando os valores e comportamentos associados ao que se espera em uma relação de amizade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os elementos caracterizadores das representações sociais da amizade para universitários. Compôs a amostra 120 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, tendo sido utilizada uma entrevista semidiretiva para a coleta dos dados, complementada por questões de caracterização da amostra. As entrevistas foram organizadas em um corpus, submetido a uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, com auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados indicaram diferenças entre os sexos, sendo que o grupo feminino apresentou maior quantidade de elementos associados à amizade, enquanto a ênfase na amizade entre o sexo masculino se associa mais à confiança e companheirismo entre pares. Ressalta-se que ambos os sexos consideram a confiança e o companheirismo elementos igualmente importantes. Os dados permitem identificar padrões representacionais que influenciam nas expectativas e ações frente a comportamentos associados à amizade

Among the modalities of interpersonal relationships, friendship emerges as one of the most significant, considering the values and behaviors associated with what is expected in a relationship of friendship. The objective of this study was to identify the characterizing elements of the social representations of friendship for university students. The sample comprised 120 students, of both sexes, and a semidirectional interview was used to collect the data, complemented by questions of characterization of the sample. The interviews were organized in a corpus, submitted to a Hierarchical Descending Classification, with the aid of IRaMuTeQ software. The results indicated differences between the sexes, with the female group presenting a greater amount of elements associated with friendship, while the emphasis on friendship between males is associated more with confidence and companionship among peers. It is emphasized that both sexes consider trust and companionship equally important. The data allow us to identify representational patterns that influence expectations and actions in relation to behaviors associated with friendship

Elementos caracterizadores de representações sociais sobre relacionamentos amorosos / Character elements of social representations about love relationships

O fenômeno das relações amorosas tem sido tema frequente nos discursos sociais, englobando valores, crenças e atitudes referentes às características associadas tanto ao parceiro ideal, quanto ao relacionamento amoroso ideal. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os elementos caracterizadores das representações sociais sobre relacionamentos amorosos, para universitários de ambos os sexos. Participaram 120 sujeitos, divididos igualmente por sexo, por meio de uma entrevista individual semi-estruturada, e analisadas com auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ. Verificou-se diferenças nos conteúdos representacionais entre homens e mulheres, em que o grupo feminino ancora seus valores em atribuições de natureza mais comportamentais do parceiro, como parceria, confiança, companheirismo e estabilidade, enquanto o grupo masculino ancora-se em atribuições mais objetivas, como atração física e sedução, por exemplos. Ressalta-se que ambos os sexos levantam os elementos amor, paixão e fidelidade. Os dados permitem comparar-se à estudos anteriores, verificando possíveis mudanças nos valores e crenças acerca de relacionamentos amorosos.

The phenomenon of love relationships has been a frequent theme in social discourses, encompassing values, beliefs and attitudes regarding the characteristics associated with both the ideal partner and the ideal love relationship. This all aimed to identify the characterizing elements of social representations about love relationships, for university students of both sexes. A total of 120 subjects, divided equally by sex, were interviewed using a semi-structured individual interview, and analyzed using IRaMuTeQ software. There were differences in the representational content between men and women, where the female group anchors their values in more behavioral attributions of the partner, such as partnership, confidence, companionship and stability, while the masculine group anchors itself in more objective attributions, as physical attraction and seduction, for example. It is emphasized that both sexes raise the elements love, passion and fidelity. The data allow comparison to previous studies, checking for possible changes in values and beliefs about love relationships.

Onthophagus landolti and Canthon indigaceus chevrolati (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) are attracted to the feces of ivermectin-treated cattle in the Mexican tropics / Onthophagus landolti y Canthon indigaceus chevrolati (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) son atraídos por las heces de ganado tratado con ivermectina en el trópico mexicano

Abstract Ivermectin (IVM) is widely used for parasite control in livestock in the tropics. Residual IVM in feces conserves its insecticide activity for weeks and can harm dung beetle (DB) species. Attraction to the feces of IVM-treated cattle was tested using the DB species Onthophagus landolti (Harold) and Canthon indigaceus chevrolati (Harold) as models. Experiments were done under controlled laboratory conditions, semi-controlled field conditions and uncontrolled field conditions. Olfactometers were used in the controlled and semi-controlled trials. The control treatment was baited IVM-free feces, and the experimental treatments were the feces of cattle treated with 1 % IVM (subcutaneous administration; single, 0.2 mg/kg bw dosage) and collected at 5, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. The uncontrolled field trial involved pitfall traps baited with IVM-free feces or feces from IVM-treated cattle collected five days post-treatment. Under controlled and semi-controlled conditions, the feces of IVM-treated cattle (at 5, 14, 21 or 28 days post-treatment) attracted more O. landolti and C. i. chevrolati individuals than IVM-free feces (P < 0.05). The same response occurred under uncontrolled conditions. This clear attraction for IVM-containing cattle feces by the studied DB species highlights that incorrect IVM use may pose a risk to DB communities in cattle production systems.(AU)

Resumen La ivermectina (IVM) es ampliamente utilizada para el control de parásitos en el ganado en los trópicos. La IVM residual en las heces conserva su actividad insecticida durante semanas y puede dañar diversas especies de escarabajos estercoleros. La atracción a las heces del ganado tratado con IVM se probó usando a las especies Onthophagus landolti (Harold) y Canthon indigaceus chevrolati (Harold) como modelos de estudio. Los experimentos se realizaron bajo condiciones de laboratorio controladas, condiciones de campo semicontroladas y condiciones de campo no controladas. Se utilizaron olfatómetros en los ensayos controlados y semicontrolados. El tratamiento de control consistió en heces exentas de IVM, y los tratamientos experimentales fueron heces de ganado tratado con IVM al 1 % (administración subcutánea, dosis única, 0.2 mg / kg pv) las cuales se recogieron a los 5, 14, 21 y 28 días después del tratamiento al ganado. El ensayo de campo no controlado incluyó trampas de caída libre o pitfall cebadas con heces libres de IVM y con heces de ganado tratado con IVM recogido cinco días después del tratamiento. En condiciones controladas y semicontroladas, las heces del ganado tratado con IVM (a los 5, 14, 21 y 28 días después del tratamiento) atrajeron más individuos O. landolti yC. i. chevrolati que las heces sin IVM (P < 0.05). La misma respuesta ocurrió bajo condiciones no controladas. Esta clara atracción a las heces de ganado que contienen IVM por las especies estudiadas pone de relieve que el uso incorrecto de IVM puede plantear un riesgo para las comunidades de escarabajos estercoleros en los sistemas de producción ganadera.(AU)

Why did You Choose not to be a Generalist? A Qualitative Study About Career Decision-Making Among Physicians who were Interested in General Practice but Chose to be a Specialist / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Background: There is an increasing demand for general practitioners capable of examining patients from a broad perspective. Although the training of such doctors is urgently needed, the accreditation system was only recently put into place.Purpose: Our aim was to identify factors that influence career decision-making among doctors who were interested in general practice but chose to be specialists, in addition to finding methods to improve general practitioner training in the future.Method: From April 2017 to April 2018, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five subjects to understand the process leading up to the selection of their current careers. The verbatim records were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach.Results: The reasons given for choosing specialist careers included "attraction as a field of study", "being relied upon by other doctors", and "the sense of security from having a specialty". Cited barriers to entering general practice included "uncertainty about the future" and "criticism from specialists".Conclusion: Improving the training curriculum for general practitioners will require improvement of the quality of community-based medical education and the general practice board certification system, in addition to the implementation of general practice retraining for specialists.

Status and correlation of occupational attractiveness and career expectancy in nursing undergraduate and postgraduates at internship / 现代临床护理

Objective To understand the status quo of occupational attractiveness and career expectancy in nursing undergraduate and postgraduates at internship and explore the correlation between them. Method A total of 60 nursing undergraduate and 25 nursing postgraduates were enrolled in the investigation by using general information questionnaire,occupational attractiveness scale and occupational expectancy scale. Results The score on the occupational attractiveness (9.91 ±2.84)and the score on career expectations (81.83±12.72).The scores on occupational attractiveness and career expectancy among the undergraduate were significantly higher than those among the postgraduates (t=1.971,P<0.05).The occupational attractiveness of clinical nursing students at internship was positively correlated with occupational expectancy, stability factors and self-development factors (P<0.05). Conclusions The occupational attractiveness and career expectations of nursing undergraduates and postgraduates during internship are both at a low level. The occupational attractiveness and career expectations among them are positively correlated.It is indicated that in school education the guidance of expanding professional values should be enhanced;and in clinical practice the clinical teaching and theoretical teaching should be aimed to improve the occupational attractiveness and career expectations so as to cultivate high-quality nursing talents and stabilize the nursing team.

A Relação Professor-Aluno no Ensino Médio: Percepção do Professor de Escola Pública / The Teacher-Student Relationship in High School: Perception of the Public School Teachers / La relación profesor-alumno en la enseñanza secundaria: percepción del profesor de escuela pública

Esta pesquisa buscou identificar a percepção dos professores quanto à relação professor-aluno a partir de indicadores de conflito e afinidade, relacionando-os com as variáveis desempenho acadêmico, idade, sexo dos alunos e dos docentes. Realizou-se pesquisa transversal de caráter correlacional, com 10 professoras do ensino médio de uma escola pública estadual, que avaliaram 10 alunos utilizando a Escala da Relação Professor-Aluno (ERPA). Os resultados sugerem que as professoras tendem a ter maior afinidade com alunas e relação conflituosa com os discentes do sexo masculino. Ao correlacionar a variável de desempenho acadêmico com os indicadores de afinidade e conflito verificou se que existe correlação positiva fraca entre o indicador de conflito e o desempenho acadêmico da disciplina Filosofia. Contudo, na disciplina de Geografia, existe também uma correlação positiva fraca, mas com o indicador de afinidade. Conclui-se pela necessidade de novos estudos que aprofundem o tema abordado considerando outros contextos.

This research aimed to identify the teachers' perception of the teacher-student relationship from conflict and affinity indicators, relating them to the variables academic performance, age, gender of students and teachers. Transversal cross-sectional research was carried out with 10 high school teachers from a state public school, who evaluated 10 students using the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale (ERPA). The results suggest that teachers tend to have greater affinity with female students and a conflicting relationship with male students. When correlating the academic performance variable with the affinity and conflict indicators, it was verified that there is a weak positive correlation between the conflict indicator and the academic performance of the discipline Philosophy. However, in the Geography discipline, there is also a weak positive correlation, but with the affinity indicator. It was concluded that new studies are needed to deepen the theme addressed in other contexts.

En esta investigación se buscó identificar la percepción de los profesores en lo que se refiere a la relación profesor-alumno a partir de indicadores de conflicto y afinidad, relacionándolos con las variables desempeño académico, edad, sexo de los alumnos y de los docentes. Se realizó investigación transversal de carácter correlacional, con 10 profesores de la enseñanza secundaria de escuela pública estadual, que evaluaron 10 alumnos utilizando la Escala de la Relación Profesor-Alumno (ERPA). Los resultados sugieren que las profesoras tienden a tener más afinidad con alumnas y relación de conflictos con los discentes del sexo masculino. Al correlacionar la variable de desempeño académico con los indicadores de afinidad y conflicto se verificó que hay correlación positiva escasa entre el indicador de conflicto y el desempeño académico de la asignatura Filosofía. Pero, en la asignatura de Geografía, hay también una correlación positiva escasa, pero con el indicador de afinidad. Se concluye por la necesidad de nuevos estudios que profundicen el tema abordado considerando otros contextos.

A contribuição do Programa Mais Médicos: análise a partir das recomendações da OMS para provimento de médicos / Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program: its contribution in view of WHO recommendations for provision of doctors

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar se o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) contemplou as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) relacionadas ao aprimoramento da atração, do recrutamento e da retenção de profissionais de saúde em áreas remotas e rurais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, baseado em análise documental, no intuito de comparar se as recomendações publicadas em 2010 pela OMS foram contempladas na Lei 12.871/13, que instituiu o PMM. Ao total, foram sistematizadas 16 recomendações da OMS, para as quais o PMM atendeu a 37,5%. Entre as recomendações não contempladas, encontram-se a ausência de programas de desenvolvimento da carreira e de medidas de reconhecimento público. Algumas recomendações que não foram atendidas pela PMM já estavam sendo desenvolvidas, tais como o Programa Nacional de Bolsa Permanência para estudantes de nível superior e a inserção de diferentes profissionais de saúde no SUS (Estratégia Saúde da Família). O programa apresenta fatores inovadores, como a mudança curricular do curso de medicina e o serviço médico obrigatório, entretanto, poderia ter feito mais investimentos na categoria de apoio pessoal e profissional.

Abstract In order to examine whether Brazil's Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Programme (PMM) reflected World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations for improved attraction, retention and recruitment of health workers in remote and rural areas, this descriptive, qualitative study drew on document analysis in order to compare the WHO recommendations published in 2010 with Brazil's Law No. 12,871/13, which instituted the PMM. Of the 16 WHO recommendations systematised here, the PMM met 37.5%. Recommendations not incorporated into the PMM include career development programmes and public recognition strategies. Although reflecting WHO recommendations and already in place elsewhere in the SUS prior to announcement of the PMM, the National Retention Grant Programme and multi-professional teams (as in the Family Health Strategy) were not implemented by the PMM. The programme contains innovative components such as a new curriculum for medical schools and compulsory medical service. On the other hand, the PMM could have invested more in personal and professional support.

Orchid bees (apddae: euglossini) in a forest frgment in the ecotone cerrado-ammazonian forest, Brazil / Abejas de orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossini) en un fragmento de bosque en el ecotono Cerrado-Selva Amazónica, Brasil

This paper presents information about the species richness and abundance of orchid bees in the transitional area between the Cerrado and the Amazon Forest in the Xingu river basin. The males were collected in a forest fragment in the municipality of Ribeirão Cascalheira, northeast Mato Grosso state, Brazil, between 1 and 5 November 2011. Benzyl benzoate, 1.8 cineole, eugenol and vanillin were used as baits, to attract the bees using insect nets and methyl salicylate was used only in the bottle traps. A total of 168 males belonged to four of five Euglossini genera distributed among 16 species were recorded. The greatest species richness was registered in the genus Euglossa, however Eulaema nigrita, was the most abundant Euglossine species in the community. The species richness varied between the edge and the first point within the fragment. The males were more active between 10:00 and 11:00 h, and the 1.8 cineole was the most attractive substance. The fragment studied contained representative species richness of orchid bees in a region of widespread environmental heterogeneity, which is still largely unknown as regards its pollinators and deserves attention for the compilation of new inventories.

En este trabajo se presenta información sobre la riqueza de especies y abundancia de Euglossini en la zona de transición entre el Cerrado y la selva amazónica, en la cuenca del río Xingu. Las muestras se recogieron en un fragmento de bosque en el municipio de Ribeirão Cascalheira, nordeste de Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre el 1 y 5 de noviembre de 2011. Las sustancias puras de benzoato de bencilo, 1,8 cineol, eugenol y la vainillina fueron utilizadas como cebos para atraer los machos usando red de insectos aunque el salicilato de metilo se utilizó en trampas pasivas. Un total de 168 machos pertenecientes a cuatro géneros fueron registrados, distribuidos en 16 especies. La mayor riqueza de especies se registró en el género Euglossa, aunque Eulaema nigrita fue la especie más abundante en la comunidad. La riqueza de especies varió entre el borde y el primer punto dentro del fragmento. Los machos de abejas de orquídeas eran más activos entre 10:00-11:00 h, y el 1,8 cineol fue la sustancia pura más atractiva. El fragmento estudiado contenía un alto grado de riqueza de especies de abejas de orquídeas en una región de heterogeneidad ambiental extensa, que sigue siendo en gran parte desconocido con relación a su fauna de insectos polinizadores y merece la atención para la elaboración de nuevos inventarios.

Development and validation of the measure of initial attraction- Short Interest Scale (MIA-I) / Desenvolvimento e validação da medida de atração inicial - Escala Breve de Interesse (MIA-I)

Unilateral initial attraction (UIA) is a positive affective reaction following a unilateral perception of an unknown target, defining the first stage in developing a new interpersonal relationship. Although little attention is given to this construct, literature suggests it has a physiological activation component as well as an interpersonal interest component. However, this interest component emerges as necessary to willingly approach another person and eventually initiate interaction. Based on these evidences, we developed and validated the Measure of Initial Attraction - Interest Short Scale (MIA-I) in a sample of Portuguese-speaking individuals (Study 1, N = 544). Results suggest the MIA-I is a valid and reliable instrument (Study 1; Study 2a), and show its capacity to discriminate UIA across different relationships (Study 1) and to differentiate UIA from passion and love (Study 1). Towards an unknown target, the MIA-I also distinguished UIA from liking (Study 2b). These results show that the MIA-I assesses a specific construct, differentiated from liking, passion and love, and suggest its importance to understand the UIA phenomenon.

Atração inicial unilateral (UIA) é uma reação afetiva positiva após a percepção unilateral de um alvo desconhecido, definindo o primeiro estádio no desenvolvimento de um novo relacionamento interpessoal. Apesar de pouco estudado, a literatura sugere este constructo como tendo uma componente de ativação fisiológica e outra de interesse interpessoal. Contudo, a componente de interesse emerge como necessária para uma aproximação voluntária a outra pessoa e eventual iniciação de uma interação. Com base nestas evidências, desenvolvemos e validámos a Medida de Atração Inicial - Escala Breve de Interesse (MIA-I) numa amostra de indivíduos de língua Portuguesa (Estudo 1, N = 544). Os resultados sugerem o MIA-I como um instrumento válido e com níveis adequados de consistência interna (Estudo 1; Estudo 2a) e mostram a sua capacidade para discriminar UIA entre diferentes relacionamentos (Estudo 1) e para distinguir UIA de paixão e amor (Estudo 1). Para um alvo desconhecido, o MIA-I permitiu ainda distinguir UIA de gostar (Estudo 2b). Estes resultados mostram que o MIA-I acede a um constructo específico e diferenciado de gostar, paixão e amor, sugerindo a sua importância para a compreensão do fenómeno de atração inicial unilateral.

Aspectos não explícitos das representações sociais da beleza física em relacionamentos amorosos / Non-explicit aspects of social representations of physical beauty in romantic relationships

A beleza física é considerada um atributo importante nas relações interpessoais e atração interpessoal. Em se tratando de relacionamentos amorosos, pode apresentar conflitosentre as normas socialmente partilhadas e opiniões não expressas. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a existência de uma zona muda das representações sociais da beleza física em contexto de estabelecimento de relacionamentos amorosos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e comparativo, de recorte transversal e amostragem intencional. Participaram 120 pessoas,distribuídos de modo equivalente entre homens e mulheres, 60 deles fazendo parte do grupo que atua como modelo fotográfico, e outros 60 com indivíduos que cursam o ensino superior na área de Ciências Exatas ou Tecnológicas. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário online autoadministrado, com respostas abertas e fechadas. Foi composto da seguinte forma: a)descrição de um personagem fictício, contendo informações sobre sua personalidade, aspectos físicos e como se relaciona em relacionamentos amorosos; b) definição do sexo do personagem; c) teste de evocação; d) técnica de substituição e) questões sócio-demográficas. Realizou-seanálise estatística descritiva e relacional, com auxílio do SPSS 17.0. Utilizou-se o software Evocation 2005 para realizar a análise do teste de evocação e de substituição. A zona muda da representação social da beleza indicou que os participantes tanto a consideram abertamente como um atributo central no estabelecimento de relações amorosas, quanto percebem que outras pessoas consideram da mesma forma...

Physical beauty is considered an important attribute in interpersonal relationships and interpersonal attraction. When it comes to love relationships, may present conflicts between socially shared norms and unexpressed opinions. The present study aimed to investigate theexistence of a zone of change social representations of physical beauty in the context of establishing loving relationships. We perform a comparative and descriptive study, bsed on crosssectional data obtained by purposive sampling. Out of 120 participants, 60 are men and 60 arewomen. Moreover, 60 are professional photo models and 60 attend to higher education on Exact or Technological Sciences. We utilized a self administered with open and close questions. Was composed as follows : a) description of a fictional character , containing information about your personality , physical aspects and how it relates to romantic relationships ; b ) definition of the sex of the character ; c ) evocation test; d ) replacement technique and ) socio- demographicquestions. We use a several methods to analysis the data: the descriptive and relational statistics analysis in made thorough the software SPSS 17.0, and the evocation and frequency analysisthrough Evocation. The mute zone of beauty social representation indicated that the participants professedly consider it of fundamental importance for the establishment of romanticrelationships. They also realize that other people consider the physical beauty the same way...

Adhibition of Misoprostol Combined with Palace Cavity Attraction Tube in the Treatment of Painless Abor-tion after Cesarean Section / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the adhibition of misoprostol combined with palace cavity attraction tube in the treatment of painless abortion after cesarean section. METHODS:214 patients who received painless abortion after cesarean section were ran-domly divided into group A(71 case),group B(71 case)and group C(72 case). After all patients were given conventional intrave-nous anesthesia,Group A was given misoprostol 0.6 mg for oral administration in preoperative 2 h. Group B was given Misoprostol tablet 0.2 mg abrasive powder put in posterior fornix in preoperative 3 h. Group C did not give any drugs. All the groups used dis-posable suction curettage tube. The efficacies of sedation and cervical dilatation,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,recovery time,dosage of propofol and incidences of complications and adverse reactions in the 3 groups were observed. RESULTS:The op-eration time,intraoperative blood loss in group A were lower than group B and lower than group C,the differences were statistical-ly significant(P0.05). The total effective rates of sedation and cervical dilatation in group A and B were significantly higher than group C,and the difference was statistical-ly significant(P0.05). The incidence of compli-cations in group A was lower than group B and lower than group C,and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficien-cy and safety of misoprostol for oral administration or medicated vaginal suppository combined with palace cavity attraction tube in the treatment of painless abortion after cesarean section is similar,but oral administration can reduce the dosage of anesthetics,op-eration time and smaller intraoperative blood loss volume.

Contribuições de pesquisas brasileiras sobre o Amor e Relacionamentos Amorosos / Contributions of research on brazilian about Love and Loving Relationships / Contribuciones de las investigaciones brasileñas sobre el Amor y las Relaciones Amorosas

Desde as obras de Freud intituladas "Contribuições à psicologia do amor", a psicologia vem construindo um vasto campo de conhecimento acerca do amor e sobre relacionamentos amorosos. O presente estudo objetivou identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, os estudos realizados entre os anos de 2002 a 2012 no Brasil, cuja temática se voltasse a relacionamentos amorosos e/ou amor, utilizando-se como palavras-chave os descritores "relacionamentos amorosos" e "amor". Foram consultados os artigos indexados nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PePSIC. Encontraram-se 114 artigos, excluindo-se repetições, publicações estrangeiras ou que não tivessem relação direta com o fenômeno em questão. Os trabalhos nacionais foram classificados de acordo com a temática de estudo e o método utilizado nas suas respectivas publicações. Na categoria temática, os principais temas abordados são: saúde, sexualidade, adolescência, violência, tecnologia, ciúme e psicometria. Na categoria metodológica, foram divididos em: estudos empíricos, estudos teóricos, estudos psicométricos e estudos de caso. Os resultados apontaram um crescimento incipiente de publicações a partir de 2005, bem como uma riqueza de perspectivas teóricas, epistemológicas e metodológicas, o que permite a constatação da fertilidade da temática e sua aplicação em diferentes naturezas, o que não exclui as divergências teóricas que elas mobilizam. Contudo, também se constatou a carência de estudos nacionais, principalmente estudos empíricos de cunho quantitativo e experimental, com predominância em estudos teóricos e da abordagem psicanalítica, e discussões voltadas sobre as relações amorosas na contemporaneidade, em diferentes etapas do ciclo vital.

Since the works of Freud entitled "Contributions to the psychology of love", initiated in 1910, psychology has built a vast field of knowledge about love and love relationships. This study aimed to identify, through a systematic literature review, studies conducted between the years 2002 to 2012 in Brazil, whose theme is back to loving relationships and/or love, using as keywords "loving relationships" and "love". Articles have been consulted in SciELO databases, LILACS and PePSIC. About 114 articles were found, excluding repetitions, or foreign publications that do not have direct relationship with the phenomenon in question. The Brazilian studies were classified according to the subject of study and the method used in their respective publications. In thematic category, the main themes are: health, sexuality, adolescence, violence, technology, jealousy and psychometrics. In methodological category, were divided into empirical, theoretical, psychometric studies and case studies. The results showed incipient growth of publications since 2005, as well as a wealth of theoretical perspectives, epistemological and methodological, which allows the realization of the theme of fertility and its application in different natures, which does not exclude the theoretical divergences they mobilize. However it also noted the lack of Brazilian studies, especially empirical studies of a quantitative and experimental, and the predominance of theoretical studies of psychoanalytic approach, with discussions focused on love relationships in contemporary times, in different stages of the life cycle.

Desde las obras de Freud titulado "Contribuciones a la psicología del amor", la psicología ha construido un vasto campo de conocimiento sobre el amor y las relaciones amorosas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, los estudios llevados a cabo entre los años 2002 y 2012, a Brasil, cuyo tema sea las relaciones amorosas y el amor. Se consultó a los artículos indexados en las bases de datos SciELO, LILAS y PePSIC. Hemos encontrado 114 artículos, con exclusión de repeticiones o publicaciones extranjeras que no tengan relación directa con el fenómeno en cuestión. Los estudios nacionales se clasificaron de acuerdo con el tema de estudio y el método utilizado en sus respectivas publicaciones. En la categoría temática, los temas principales son: salud; sexualidad; adolescencia; violencia; tecnología; celos y psicometría. En la categoría metodológica, se dividieron en empíricos, estudios psicométricos, teóricos y casos clínicos. Los resultados mostraron un crecimiento incipiente de publicaciones desde el año 2005, así como una gran variedad de perspectivas teóricas, epistemológicas y metodológicas, que permite la verificación de la fertilidad del tema y su aplicación en diferentes naturalezas, que no excluye las divergencias teóricas que movilizan. Sin embargo, también señaló la falta de estudios empíricos nacionales, sobre todo de un enfoque cuantitativo y experimental. Hay predominancia en los estudios teóricos y psicoanalíticos, con las discusiones que se centraron en las relaciones de amor en los tiempos contemporáneos, en las diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida.

Interface entre saúde mental e relacionamento amoroso: um olhar a partir da psicologia positiva / Interface between mental health and romantic relationship: a look from the positive psychology

O presente artigo visa discutir a interface entre saúde mental e relacionamento amoroso, a partir da perspectiva da psicologia positiva, tendo em vista a importância que esta relação interpessoal possui no bem-estar e qualidade de vida do ser humano. A psicologia positiva, ao enfocar as emoções positivas e o bem-estar, traz um arcabouço de possibilidades que fortalece a busca pela saúde nas diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento humano e nas relações que se estabelecem entre as pessoas ao longo do ciclo vital, enfocando temas como felicidade, satisfação, estado de espírito, espiritualidade e afeto positivo. Os relacionamentos amorosos despontam como forma de interação que apresentam elementos positivos e negativos, capazes tanto de contribuir para a qualidade de vida quanto para o sofrimento. Conclui-se que os relacionamentos amorosos, quando considerados uma fonte de bem-estar, são um importante fator de proteção da saúde mental, favorecendo o crescimento individual e a satisfação conjugal.(AU)

This article discusses the interface between mental health and loving relationship, from the perspective of positive psychology, in view of the importance of this interpersonal relationship for the well-being and quality of life. Positive psychology, by focusing on positive emotions and well-being, brings a framework of possibilities that strengthens the quest for health in different stages of human development and relationships that are established between people across the life cycle, focusing on themes such as happiness, satisfaction, state of mind, spirituality and positive affect. Love relationships emerge as a form of interaction which can present many positive and negative elements both able to contribute to quality of life and to suffering. We conclude that loving relationships, when considered a source of well-being, are an important protective factor of mental health, favoring the individual growth and marital satisfaction.(AU)

Retrospective analysis of clinical effects of intraocular foreign bodies in 46 cases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To retrospectively analyze the effect of different surgical treatment on intraocular foreign bodies, according to different types and position. METHODS: Clinical data of 46 cases diagnosed with intraocular foreign bodies from June 2010 to April 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS:Intraocular foreign bodies in anterior segment could be removed or magnetically attracted directly, intraocular foreign bodies in posterior segment could be attracted if there was accurate location. Vitrectomis was more favorable for the non magnetic or intraocular foreign bodies in posterior segment. In 46 cases, all intraocular foreign bodies ( 100%) in posterior segment were removed successfully. Among them the functional cure in 33 cases ( 72%) , the anatomical cure in 12 cases ( 26%) , discharged in 1 case (2%). CONCLUSION:The aim of operation is to reconstruct of eyeball structure preserve and restore visual function. We should find more appropriate mode of operation and timing of surgery according to the foreign bodies'different types and injury of eyeball, reduce complications, preservation eyeball and improve visual function.

Is selectivity an aphrodisiac? / ¿Es la selectivividad un afrodisiaco?

In a recent article, Eastwick, Finkel, Mochon, and Ariely (2007) reported data to indicate that selectivity might be an important factor in determining romantic desire. Using a speed-dating paradigm, they found that individuals who, on average, rated potential dates as highly desirable were likely to receive lower average ratings from their dates, as evidenced by what they termed as negative generalized correlations. However, the dyadic correlations were positive, suggesting that, across pairs, desire was somewhat reciprocated. Eastwick et al. go as far as to claim that "... daters somehow broadcast their unselec-tivity... " (page 318), which we find to be a deeply dissatisfying explanation. We present an alternative and more principled approach in order to account for the disassociation between the generalized and dyadic correlations. We implemented a multi-agent model that allows an assessment of the relative contributions of selectivity and matching on ratings of attractiveness. The model suggests that the match between potential daters' attractiveness is the most important predictor of romantic desire. We believe that Eastwick et al's (2007) article is just another example of a dangerous pattern in social psychology research: spectacular claims are made on the flimsiest of evidence.

En un artículo reciente, Eastwick, Finkel, Mochon y Ariely (2007) reportaron datos que indicaban que la selectividad podría ser un factor importante para determinar el deseo romántico. Usando un paradigma de citas rápidas, se encontró que los individuos que en promedio calificaron posibles citas como altamente deseables eran los que recibían más bajas calificaciones en promedio de sus citas, como lo que demuestra lo que ellos denominan como correlaciones negativas generalizadas. Sin embargo, las correlaciones diádicas fueron positivas, lo que sugiere que, a través de pares el deseo era algo recíproco. Eastwick et al. (2007) van más lejos al afirmar que " ... personas que se citan de alguna manera difunden su no selectividad... " (p 318), donde encontramos una explicación profundamente desalentadora. Presentamos una aproximación alternativa y un enfoque basado en la disociación entre las correlaciones generalizadas y diádicas. Hemos implementado un modelo multi-agente que permite una evaluación de las contribuciones relativas de la selectividad y la congruencia en las calificaciones de la atracción. El modelo sugiere que la igualación entre el atractivo potencial de personas que se citan es el predictor más importante del deseo romántico. Creemos que el artículo de Eastwick et al (2007) es sólo otro ejemplo de un patrón peligroso en la investigación en el campo de la psicología social: las afirmaciones espectaculares son realizadas con la evidencia más débil.

Visión y olfato en las evaluaciones de atractivo que hacen hombres homosexuales / Smell and sight on the attraction felt by homosexual men

Las investigaciones sobre el papel de los sentidos en la elección de pareja que hacen hombres y mujeres han confirmado la presencia de procesos a nivel neurofisiológico cuya influencia va más allá de las decisiones conscientes que pudieran tomarse en cuanto a la pareja con la que deciden estar. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones realizadas hasta ahora tienen un enfoque en parejas heterosexuales y son pocos los estudios que examinan el papel de los sentidos en la elección de pareja que hacen las personas homosexuales. El objetivo del estudio realizado fue evaluar la importancia y la relación que tienen el olfato y la visión en la atracción de hombres homosexuales hacia hombres, tanto hetero como homosexuales. Un grupo de 14 hombres homosexuales evaluó el atractivo de fotografías y camisetas (remera de algodón de mangas cortas) provenientes de hombres hetero y homosexuales. Los resultados indicaron que el olor de las camisetas utilizadas por hombres homosexuales resultó significativamente más atractivo que el olor de las camisetas utilizadas por hombres heterosexuales en las evaluaciones realizadas. Por otra parte, se realizaron análisis de regresión múltiple y sus resultados mostraron que el atractivo del olor de las camisetas utilizadas por hombres homosexuales predice significativamente el atractivo global de estos hombres. Estos resultados sugieren la presencia de una capacidad en hombres homosexuales para distinguir inconscientemente a hombres heterosexuales de hombres homosexuales a partir de estímulos olfativos, lo que a su vez apunta a una constitución neurofisiológica en particular, invitando a realizar más investigaciones en el tema.

Previous works about the role of the senses in mating choices made by men and women have confirmed the existence of neurophysiologic processes which influence our decisions about whom we'd like to have a relationship with, well beyond our conscious capacity to select. Most of these works, however, are developed from a focus on Evolutionary Psychology, whose theoretical axis is the transmission of genes from one generation to another by means of reproduction. Therefore, they have centered exclusively on the evaluations of attractiveness made by heterosexual people, thus disregarding the role of the senses in the mating choices of their homosexual counterparts. Our goal in the present study was to evaluate the relationship between smell and sight, as well as their influence on the attraction felt by homosexual men towards heterosexual and homosexual men. A group of 14 homosexual men assessed the attractiveness of a series of stimuli that came from homosexual and heterosexual males. Subjects ranged from 16 to 26 years of age (M = 21.21; SD = 2.6), participated voluntarily and were selected through accidental, non probability sampling. All of them were recruited in a meeting of the Jóvenes LGBT México Group, thanks to the support of one of its coordinators, with the objective of accommodating the schedules of the population under study. The stimuli consisted of facial pictures of homosexual and heterosexual men, as well as cotton tee shirts previously worn by the same subjects. All stimuli were collected from 10 men between 21 and 25 years of age (M = 22.3; SD = 1.49), acquaintances of the researchers. Invitations were sent via e-mail. Participants were informed that the objective of the study was to assess the importance of the senses in the mating choices of human males. Findings may be summarized as follows: the olfactory attractiveness of the tee shirts and the visual attractiveness of the pictures did not correlate for either of the two groups; only the olfactory attractiveness of the tee shirts differed significantly depending on the sexual orientation of the wearers; both the visual attractiveness of the pictures and the olfactory attractiveness of the tee shirts predicted the global attractiveness of heterosexual subjects, though the visual attractiveness of the pictures did so more significantly; and, finally, only the olfactory attractiveness of the tee shirts predicted the global attractiveness of homosexual subjects. In other words, the smell of the tee shirts worn by homosexual men resulted significantly more attractive to the homosexual evaluators than did the smell of the tee shirts worn by heterosexual men. On the other hand, only the attractiveness of the smell of the tee shirts worn by homosexual men predicted significantly the global attractiveness of those men. This suggests that the homosexual men who participated as evaluators were able to distinguish, without being conscious of it, the sexual orientation of the men who wore the shirts, parting from their olfactory attractiveness. The most important implication of our findings is that homosexual people may function in a different neurophysiologic manner than their heterosexual counterparts, at least in regards to the influence of sensory perception on the mating choices they make. In particular, that factors independent from reproduction may have a role in human mating choices. Therefore, in future research conducted on the matter, the sexual orientation of the subjects should be considered, additionally to their biological sex.

Seleção por competência: Ficção ou possibilidade? / Selection by competences: Possibility or fiction?

Este estudo, de natureza bibliográfica, analisa o processo de seleção por competências, amplamente difundido como nova modalidade de gestão de pessoas nas organizações de trabalho. Busca-se conhecer as técnicas utilizadas nesse tipo de seleção, que começa pelo recrutamento/atração de pessoas, com o intuito de expor o seu diferencial em relação aos processos seletivos tradicionais. Observa-se que a necessidade de acompanhar as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho acarreta inúmeras exigências – agilidade, inovação, criatividade, efetividade de resultados– aos trabalhadores e ao modo de selecioná-los. Na revisão de literatura, que trata do tema da seleção por competência, não foram encontrados resultados significativos em termos de inovação ou mudança em relação ao modelo tradicional de selecionar pessoas. Verificamos duas concepções de modelos de competências que versam sobre este tema. De um lado, encontra-se um grupo vinculado à área de gestão de pessoas, que defende/m o modelo de seleção por competências a partir do antigo trinômio, outrora utilizado na clássica administração de recursos humanos (ARH), de avaliação de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA), como requisitos fundamentais que credenciam um profissional a exercer uma determinada função ou cargo. De outro, uma corrente de pensadores que caracteriza/m a competência como um retorno do trabalho ao trabalhador. Nessa segunda concepção, destacam-se os conceitos de entrega,responsabilidade, iniciativa e autonomia. Conclui-se, portanto, não haver um modelo geral para esse “novo” tipo de seleção, embora se apresente uma perspectiva de mapeamento de competências que considera interesses do trabalhador à missão estratégica da organização.

This bibliographic study, analyzes the selection process by competences, widely defined as a new model for people management in working organizations. It seeks to know the techniques used in this type of selection, which begins with the recruitment/ attraction of people, with the aim to expose its differential compared to the techniques of traditional selection process. It is observed that the need to monitor the changes in the world of work entails many requirements – flexibility, innovation, creativity, effectiveness of results – to the employees and how to select them. In the review of literature dealing with the issue of selection by competences, significant results were not found in terms of innovation or change from the traditional model of selecting people. We found two conceptions of competence models which deal with this issue. On one hand, there is a group with ties to the area of people management, that defends the selection model by competences based on the old triad, once used in the classic people management (PM) – assessment of knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) – as basic requirements that qualify a professional to perform a particular function or position. On the other hand, there is a stream of scholars that characterize competence as a return of the work to the worker. Through this second conception the concepts of delivery, responsibility, initiative and autonomy stand out. The conclusion, thus, is that there is not a general model for this“new” type of selection, although it presents a perspective of competence mapping that considers interests of the employees under the strategic mission of the organization.

Passage performance of long-distance upstream migrants at a large dam on the Paraná River and the compounding effects of entry and ascent

This paper presents results of a fishway evaluation performed at the Engenheiro Sérgio Motta Hydroelectric Power Plant (known as Porto Primavera) - CESP, Paraná River, Brazil. The evaluation was designed to quantify entry and passage proportions of 4 long-distance migratory fish species: Brycon orbignyanus (piracanjuba), Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), Prochilodus lineatus (curimba), and Rhinelepis aspera (cascudo-preto). Proportions finding and entering the fishway differed between species, ranged from 7.4 % (Prochilodus lineatus) to 55.4% (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Also, proportion passing was different between species, ranged from 31% (R. aspera) to 100% (Prochilodus lineatus). Fish that were marked and released within the fishway had greater failure rates than those that entered volitionally. Total time to pass ranged from 1.48 hours (Prochilodus lineatus) to 178.9 hours (R. aspera). Failure rates were greatest in the lower end of the fishway. Although some individuals of all species passed successfully, significant challenges remain to restoring connectivity of the upper Paraná River.

Este artigo apresenta resultados da avaliação de passagem de peixes na escada localizada na Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta - CESP (rio Paraná, Porto Primavera, Brasil). A avaliação foi concebida para quantificar a entrada e proporções de passagem de quatro espécies de peixes migradores de longa distância: Brycon orbignyanus (piracanjuba), Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), Prochilodus lineatus (curimba) e Rhinelepis aspera (cascudo-preto). As proporções de encontrar e entrar na escada variaram de 7,4% (Prochilodus lineatus) para 55,4% (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A proporção de passagem através da escada variou de 31% (R. aspera) a 100% (Prochilodus lineatus). Os peixes que foram marcados e soltos no interior da escada apresentaram taxas maiores de falha do que aqueles que entraram voluntariamente. O tempo médio para passar variou de 1,48 horas (Prochilodus lineatus) para 178,9 horas (R. aspera). A taxa de falha foi maior no extremo inferior da passagem para peixes. Embora alguns indivíduos de todas as espécies passaram com sucesso, desafios significantes permanecem para restaurar a conectividade do alto rio Paraná.

Attraction between two similar particles in an electrolyte: effects of Stern layer absorption

When Debye length is comparable or larger than the distance between two identical particles, the overlapping among the particles double-layers can play an important role in their interactions. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the interaction among two identical particles with overlapped double-layers. We particularly focus on the effect of a Stern electro static condition from linearization of the adsorption isotherm near the isoelectric (neutrality) point in order to capture how polyvalent ion condensation affect sand reverses the surface charge. The stationary potential problem is solved within the framework of an asymptotic lubrication approach for a mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann model. Both spherical and cylindrical particles are analyzed. The results are finally discussed in the context of Debye-Hückel (D-H) limit and beyond it.

Quando o comprimento de Debye é comparável ou maior do que as distâncias entre duas partículas idênticas, a interseção entre as duplas camadas pode desempenhar papel importante na interação entre elas. Este artigo apresenta uma análise teórica da interação entre duas partículas idênticas as quais apresentam interseção entre as camadas duplas. Nós particularmente focamos a análise sobre o efeito da condição eletrostática de Stern a partir da linearização da isoterma de adsorção perto do ponto isoelétrico para capturar como a condensação do íon polivalente afeta e reverte a densidade de carga superficial. O problema que governa o potencial estacionário é resolvido no contexto de uma teoria assintótica de lubrificação para o modelo de Poisson-Boltzmann. O modelo é analisado para partículas cilíndricas e esféricas. Os resultados são finalmente discutidos no contexto do limite de Debye-Hückel e além dele.